Because of the varying rotational speed of the Sun,
there are some regions with intense localized magnetic lines which named
Sunspots. As the Sun is a gas ball, the rotate speed on the equator seems
faster than the speed on the poles. Therefore, the magnetic field lines are
dragged together and twisted which always run independently from pole to pole. The
flux lines pushed by hot gases break through to the Sun’s surface. And the
distorted field lines slows down rising convection currents, which causing the
region to cool. The dark spots in the bottom video are the cooler areas
comparing to the hotter surroundings.
The Solar Flare is defined as a sudden burst on the
surface of the Sun. (John D. Kraus, 1986) Most flares appear in solar active
regions, for instance, near the sunspots, where the magnetic field lines on the
surface of the Sun beyond the corona. The energy for solar flare mainly comes
from the magnetic energy released by corona. During the solar flare appearing,
there is a sudden increase in brightness can be observed, the flux of radio
waves, ultraviolet and X-ray will soar and sometimes high-energy γ-ray
or charged particles will be emitted too.
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